A System That Expands on Its Own The fear of Unilateral Coercive Measures (UCMs), or sanctions, is not unfounded. For example: since 2018, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has imposed sanctions against Iran’s use of cryptocurrencies; the decentralized nature of the blockchain no...

From the raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) at U.S. airports to the approval of the controversial Return Regulation in the European Union, the world is witnessing an ‘ICE-ization‘ of migration policies. This ‘ICE-ization’ is characterized by the externalization of borders, prolonged...

Venezuela, under threat following the attacks of January 3, and in perspective alongside the historical mirror that is Iran, allows us to study the models of classic oil nationalism and pragmatic resistance. But beyond the economy, some analysts have put forward the theory that Venezuelan...

Background: Between Official Tension and Rebellious Inspiration After the triumph of the Cuban Revolution in 1959, the initially cordial bilateral relationship deteriorated rapidly. With the fall of the Marcos Pérez Jiménez dictatorship and the rise of Rómulo Betancourt to power, Venezuela became Fidel Castro’s main regional...

From Monroe to Trump, Unilateralism The famous Monroe Doctrine(MD) of 1823, which the peoples of the South know very well, is the first major unilateral declaration by the United States: “America for Americans.” Under its hegemony,...

The famous quote by Italian Marxist philosopher Antonio Gramsci seems to have been written for the moment humanity is currently experiencing: “The old is dying, and the new cannot be born. In this interregnum, monsters arise.” ...